Health & Fitness

While many have prattled off the phrase 'fashion is pain' to justify wearing an uncomfortable pair of high heels, other items in your wardrobe could also be the culprit of health issues.

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Brazil's rapid expansion of soy production has meant an associated rise in pesticide use. Researchers found a statistically significant correlation between soy expansion and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) deaths in children between 2008 and 2019, representing the first population-wide analysis of the association between indirect exposure to agricultural pesticides and cancer.

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Organoids help researchers understand biological processes in health and in disease. It is, however, difficult to influence the way in which they organize themselves into complex tissues. Now a group has found a new way to do so.

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The SARS-CoV-2 virus responsible for COVID-19 can cause severe acute respiratory syndrome, contrasting with other coronaviruses that were known to cause mild seasonal colds prior to its emergence in 2019. This raises the question of why one coronavirus affects humans more severely than another. Scientists have now provided part of the answer by identifying a gateway used by the seasonal coronavirus HKU1 to enter human cells.

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Sunscreen usage is climbing, but so are melanoma and skin cancer rates: this, researchers say, is the sunscreen paradox.

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Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis, arise when there is a dysregulation of cell signalling pathways, leading to a chronic inflammatory response. The gut inflammatory response relies on a chain reaction involving several molecules, including RIPK2 -- known to be a good target for inhibitors treating IBDs. Researchers from the Cusack group at EMBL Grenoble have provided new insights into the interactions between RIPK2 and XIAP, another molecule involved in the inflammatory response, during the downstream chain reaction. These results, when taken together with previous structural biology studies on RIPK2, offer valuable information for the development of therapeutics to treat inflammatory bowel diseases.

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Researchers have uncovered that proteins use a common chemical label as a shield to protect them from degradation, which in turn affects motility and aging.

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Up to 1.7 million people could be living with dementia in England and Wales by 2040 -- over 40% more than previously forecast -- finds a new study.

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Research finds an overlap in the mechanism of hair color determination and bone resorption, which is associated with bone related diseases like osteoporosis. The findings revealed that proteins named Rab32 and Rab38 play pivotal roles in bone resorption in osteoclast, cell specialized in the process. These proteins are also crucial for pigmentation of hair and skins.

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Researchers have unveiled the hidden intricacies of how sperm go from passive bystanders to dynamic swimmers. This transformation is a pivotal step in the journey to fertilization, and it hinges on the activation of a unique ion transporter.

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A research team has found that polysulfides are abundant in broccoli sprouts. They found that the amount of polysulfides increased dramatically during growth, by an approximately 20-fold in seeds by the fifth day of germination. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis of the polysulfides detected a number of polysulfide candidates whose structures have not yet been determined. The identification of these unknown polysulfides and detailed analysis of their pharmacological activities are expected to enable the development of new preventive and therapeutic strategies and medicines for cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, inflammation, and other diseases.

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Women with diets during middle age designed to lower blood pressure were about 17 percent less likely to report memory loss and other signs of cognitive decline decades later, a new study finds.

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Our Aussie summer is filled to the brim with things reflecting Mother Nature’s beauty, but alongside the sun, sand, and blooming summer flora comes a far more sinister threat. Here’s how to protect yourself against this small but deadly menace.

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While it can be difficult to know what to say or do, there are plenty of simple ways to help a friend or family member cope with pregnancy loss.

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If you dread getting your period each month thanks to the host of uncomfortable symptoms it brings, it could be a sign of a larger issue.

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Researchers are studying the dramatic physical transformation that some insects undergo to give birth to live young. This includes suppressing their immune systems to accommodate babies, which is something some insects and people have in common. Understanding how these systems work can help improve treatments for fibromyalgia and other immune disorders. An international team of researchers has examined the complex structural and physiological changes that take place in Hawaii's beetle-mimic cockroaches, which give birth to live young.

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For the first time, a new study in rats teases apart the role of the hippocampus in two functions of memory -- one that remembers associations between time, place and what one did, and another that allows one to predict or plan future actions based on past experiences.

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A team of researchers has developed a software tool that provides a way for the safer design of genome editing in all organisms with a transcriptome. For about a decade, researchers have used the CRISPR technology for genome editing. However, there are some challenges in the use of CRISPR. The new analysis system overcomes these challenges and allows researchers to perform safer on- and off-target assessments without a reference genome. It holds the potential for applications in medicine, agriculture, and biological research.

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In an unusual trial, researchers found that a patient's belief that they had received ketamine, even if they didn't, could improve their depression.

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Researchers have examined the association between number of children and several key health indicators among older adults across multiple global regions.

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A vaccine designed to protect against three different deadly coronaviruses shows success in mouse studies, demonstrating the viability of a pan-coronavirus vaccine developed by researchers at the Duke Human Vaccine Institute.

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A new study focuses on using computer algorithms to generate adaptations to molecules in compounds for existing and potential medications that can improve those molecules' ability to bind to the main protease, a protein-based enzyme that breaks down complex proteins, in SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19.

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Michelle Andrews and Zara Mcdonald, pop-culture-obsessed writers-turned-podcasters have been hailed as a voice representing Aussie women everywhere. Despite her career success in recent years, here's why Andrews can't stop thinking about her fertility and the prospect of starting a family one day.

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When given the choice to learn how their actions will affect someone else, 40% of people will choose ignorance, often in order to have an excuse to act selfishly, according to new research.

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Progressive strength training using resistance can protect against the detrimental effects of a high-protein diet, according to new research in mice.

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New research considers how the financial industry can identify, manage and, if necessary, remove these individuals.

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Depression and anxiety among college students is a growing public health problem. And new research suggests the problem may be worse for students who aren't the same race as most of their peers. The new study found that students who were not the majority race at a predominantly white college reported significantly higher rates of depression than their white peers. At the mostly white university, more than half of the students who self-identified as races other than white reported feelings of mild depression. An additional 17% said they were experiencing moderate to severe depression.

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Schizophrenia, a neurodevelopmental disorder that features psychosis among its symptoms, is thought to arise from disorganization in brain connectivity and functional integration. Now, a new study finds differences in functional brain connectivity in people with and without psychosis and schizophrenia that could help researchers understand the neural underpinnings of this disease.

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A new study has examined the role of several cognitive functions in young students learning to write English, their second language. The study conducted a battery of cognitive tests, gauged the writing skills of the students and then tested the functions again. Working memory, or how we store thoughts we want to convey, was shown to be the most significant predictor of writing ability. Other cognitive functions like phonological awareness and oral language development increased as the students aged, but were not associated with improved writing. The results not only help us understand how English learners, a growing population, learn to write, but can help educators design better interventions to help the students, researchers argue.

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A research team has discovered a fundamental mechanism that helps the dreaded hospital pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii to survive. This mechanism explains why the pathogen is difficult to eradicate in hospitals and why infections flare up again and again in patients: When living conditions become too unfavorable for the bacteria, they fall into a kind of slumber. In this state, conventional diagnostic methods can no longer detect them nor is it possible to kill them off. When living conditions improve again, they awaken from this 'deep sleep'.

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Researchers have identified a new biomarker that can predict whether or not neurons will regenerate after an injury. The findings could help scientists develop regenerative therapies for spinal cord injuries and other neurological conditions.

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Researchers have developed a visualization tool that combines high-speed cameras and fluorescent injection to distinguish tumor tissue from normal tissue across cancer types. The team evaluated the new imaging technology, known as fluorescence lifetime (FLT) imaging, using specimens from more than 60 patients that underwent surgery of various cancers. The team reported that the technique was over 97 percent accurate across tumor types, with the potential to improve the accuracy of cancer surgeries.

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Jana Pittman’s fitness evolution has lessons for us all

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Following a recent study, experts say your constant snacking on processed foods might not be caused by a lack of self-control, but rather something far more dangerous.

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A new study examining the impact of a primarily plant-based diet during pregnancy has left some experts eagerly recommending the nutrition plan. So, what benefits does plant-based provide for mother and baby?

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Delta Goodrem’s health habits are refreshingly simple

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Delta Goodrem on living her health battles in the spotlight

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From fillers and implants to the rise of ‘scrotox’, we discover what drives men to resort to intimate cosmetic procedures – and meet the medic who repairs the damage when things go very wrong.

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Engineers have developed a new nanoelectronic device that can perform accurate machine-learning classification tasks in the most energy-efficient manner yet. Using 100-fold less energy than current technologies, the device can crunch large amounts of data and perform artificial intelligence (AI) tasks in real time without beaming data to the cloud for analysis. With its tiny footprint, ultra-low power consumption and lack of lag time to receive analyses, the device is ideal for direct incorporation into wearable electronics for real-time data processing and near-instant diagnostics.

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Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis and is among the top 10 conditions contributing to Years Lived with Disability—a measure reflecting the impact an illness has on quality of life before it resolves or leads to death. To date, no treatments are approved that slow disease progression. Treatment development has been frustrating in part because animal models of disease caused by joint trauma poorly reflect human disease which usually occurs over many years and without preceding trauma.    Researchers from Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine now suggest studying persons after they sustain knee trauma such as anterior cruciate ligament tears (ACL).

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Parents who experience TFMR - or termination for medical reasons - say they face stigma and a lack of support around making the heartbreaking decision to end their pregnancy.

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Researchers have discovered a convenient new way to track levels of omega-3 fatty acids in the bloodstream, making it much easier to access information that is critical to cardiovascular and cognitive health, but which has previously been challenging to gather. While the human body can generate most of the fats it needs, it cannot produce adequate levels of omega-3 fatty acids and must obtain them from dietary sources.

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To study muscle diseases, scientists rely on the mouse as a model organism. Researchers have now developed a new method that is not only faster and more efficient than conventional ones but also greatly reduces the number of experimental animals needed for studying the function of genes in muscle fibers.

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People who carry three gene variants that have bene inherited from Neanderthals are more sensitive to some types of pain, according to a new study.

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We’ve long debated the legitimacy and best treatment of 'man flu', but now another condition is turning the heads of health experts and supplement manufacturers alike. Here’s what a health expert wants you to know about male menopause. 

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If you take medication but are a fan of your daily brew, you might want to find out how the two can react. We asked Dr Sam Saling to answer all our pressing questions. 

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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have become ubiquitous throughout the environment, and increasing evidence has demonstrated their deleterious effects. A group of smaller, fluorinated compounds are becoming replacements for these 'forever chemicals,' though research suggests the smaller versions could also be harmful. Now, a study reports that the levels of these substances in many indoor and human samples are similar to or higher than those of legacy PFAS.

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What type of brain tumor does this patient have? AI technology helps to determine this as early as during surgery, within 1.5 hours. This process normally takes a week. The new technology allows neurosurgeons to adjust their surgical strategies on the spot.

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New analysis of the remains of victims of the 1918 influenza pandemic, which killed an estimated 50 million people worldwide, contradicts the widespread belief the flu disproportionately impacted healthy young adults. 

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Understanding the interplay between consciousness, energy and matter could bring important insights to our fundamental understanding of reality.

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Pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia and gestational diabetes have recently been associated with a higher risk of developing heart disease later in life. But a new study has found obesity before or during pregnancy is the actual root cause of future cardiovascular disease. “We demonstrate, for the first time, that adverse pregnancy outcomes are primarily indicators — and not the root cause — of future heart health,” said corresponding author Dr. Sadiya Khan. “This means that pregnancy just reveals the risk for heart disease that is already there.” This large, multi-center and diverse study is one of the only studies to follow its participants — about half of whom were overweight or had obesity — from the beginning of their first pregnancy through several years postpartum.

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A study found that a new combination of treatments safely decreased growth of pancreatic cancer in mice by preventing cancer cells from scavenging for fuel.

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Once thought to be the trash can of the cell, a little bubble of cellular stuff called the midbody remnant is actually packing working genetic material with the power to change the fate of other cells — including turning them into cancer.

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When women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) plan to become pregnant, many anguish over whether to stop their medications, risking a flareup in their disease, or continue with medication and risk possible harm to the baby. About 50% to 75% will see their disease naturally improve during pregnancy for not-yet-known reasons, while others may see a worsening of their RA. But they have had no way of knowing which would happen to them. Now, scientists have identified, for the first time, genetic markers before pregnancy that could predict who will improve and who will worsen.

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If global temperatures increase by 1 degree Celsius (C) or more than current levels, each year billions of people will be exposed to heat and humidity so extreme they will be unable to naturally cool themselves, according to interdisciplinary research. Results indicated that warming of the planet beyond 1.5 C above preindustrial levels will be increasingly devastating for human health across the planet.  

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The Millennial Therapist on what 'finding yourself' actually means

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Thanks to alcohol-free or more health-conscious options, young Australians are drinking less of the ‘big three’ than ever before, according to new research. Here’s why the shift has more to do with just a preference in taste. 

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After 12 years of trying and failing to conceive, the British podcaster and author has let go of her dream and found peace on the other side.

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The thyroid is one of our body’s most versatile players. It maintains our metabolisms, keeps our thermostats on point, and plays a critical role in maintaining heart, brain, and digestive function. However, it's estimated that over one million Australians are currently living with an undiagnosed thyroid disorder. 

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It is generally believed that the adaptability of the adult brain mainly takes place in the cortex. However, a new study shows that the thalamus, a relay station for incoming motor and sensory information, plays an unexpectedly important role in this process.

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Researchers have discovered the master regulator responsible for balancing the expression of X chromosome genes between males and females in the malaria mosquito. This discovery helps scientists better understand the evolution of the epigenetic mechanisms responsible for equalizing gene expression between the sexes. The findings may contribute to the development of new ways to prevent the spread of malaria.

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Alzheimer’s disease is the most common type of dementia, a disorder of progressively worsening memory and other thinking abilities. It rose up in the ranks of leading causes of death over the past several decades. It can also limit the duration of a working career, create uncertainty in the financial planning for retirement and rob patients of enjoyment and happiness in the final years. An effective treatment against this disease could give back to the patient the decision when to retire and improve quality of life in advanced age.   Now, scientists are on the trail of a promising new therapeutic target – ABCA7, a protein known to protect from Alzheimer’s disease. The study uncovers new information about the relationship between ABCA7, cholesterol, and inflammation in human brain cells.

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Combining precise genome engineering and protein activity profiling to methodically study thousands of cancer genes, scientists were able to pinpoint promising cancer drug targets. 

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Researchers have identified a 'guard mechanism' for a protein which attacks microbes in infected cells, opening the possibility of new treatments for Toxoplasma, Chlamydia, Tuberculosis and even cancer.

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Beyond nicotine, vapes now offer everything from melatonin-induced tranquillity to vitamin-infused aromatherapy. But do they offer genuine wellness benefits, or is it all smoke and mirrors? Let's dive in.

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Psychologists have revealed a profound connection between the spirituality of science and positive wellbeing, much like the benefits traditionally associated with religion.

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A new study may offer a strategy that mitigates negative side effects associated with intravenous injection of nanoparticles commonly used in medicine.

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Scholars have discovered evidence of a sixth basic taste. The tongue responds to ammonium chloride, a popular ingredient in some Scandinavian candies. The OTOP1 protein receptor, previously linked to sour taste, is activated by ammonium chloride.  The ability to taste ammonium chloride may have evolved to help organisms avoid harmful substances.

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Researchers have learned the efficiency by which people recognize spoken words depends as much on the mind as on hearing ability. In a new study, the researchers examined how well adults across the life span process spoken language.

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As Streptococcus A cases continue to be prevalent, a new nasal vaccine could provide long-term protection from the deadly bacteria. The development of a Strep A vaccine which is currently in Phase 1 clinical trials in Canada and quickly advancing to Phase 2 efficacy trials.

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A research article presents a significant breakthrough in the area of skin regeneration and wound healing.

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A new study shows that a single dose of the vaccine, administered in mouse models, put immune cells into 'Incredible Hulk' mode, providing rapid protection against nine different bacteria and fungi species that lurk in healthcare settings.

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A pilot program that successfully reduced burnout among female medical residents has shown even greater results on a national level.

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In a study on the prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its association with crash risk among older adult drivers, researchers found that older adult drivers with ADHD are at a significantly elevated crash risk compared with their counterparts without ADHD. Outcomes included hard- braking events, and self-reported traffic ticket events, and vehicular crashes. Until now research on ADHD and driving safety was largely limited to children and young adults, and few studies assessed the association of ADHD with crash risk among older adults.

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Residing in a more walkable neighborhood protects against the risk of overall obesity-related cancers in women, specifically postmenopausal breast cancer, but also ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, and multiple myeloma, according to a new study. Obesity has been linked to increased risk for 13 types of cancer in women, and physical activity, independent of body size, lowers risk for some of these cancers.  Until now long-term studies of neighborhood walkability and risk for obesity-related cancer were limited.

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A person's genetic makeup plays a role in determining whether they can stick to a strict vegetarian diet, a new study has found. The findings open the door to further studies that could have important implications regarding dietary recommendations and the production of meat substitutes.

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Hot weather reduces workers’ productivity – even if their workplace is air conditioned.

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A probable early driver of Alzheimer's disease is the accumulation of molecules called amyloid peptides. These cause cell death, and are commonly found in the brains of Alzheimer’s patients. Researchers have now shown that yeast cells that accumulate these misfolded amyloid peptides can recover after being treated with graphene oxide nanoflakes.

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Paris has been overrun with bed bugs, according to visitors throughout the city. Here’s why the insects are taking over, and how you can keep your bed (and home) bug-free if they manage to make their way down under...

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A new study has identified a structure in the circadian mRNA Period2 that affects the sleep-wake cycle. The results indicate how translation and post-transcriptional processes influence the body's internal clock and its impact on sleep patterns.

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A clinical trial into treatment for gestational diabetes, involving more than 500 pregnant women, has revealed what the lead academic has described as a significant step forward for women. The research has found benefits for both mothers and their newborn babies, and alleviated concerns over the use of the drug metformin, including less weight gain for mothers; no evidence of increase in preterm birth; and no differences in adverse neonatal outcomes.

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In September 2022, new bivalent COVID-19 boosters became available in the United States, but less than 20% of the eligible population ultimately received one. A new study identified why so many Americans did not receive a booster.

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Investigators have developed a new approach for treating invasive bladder cancer without the need for surgical removal of the bladder. Removing the bladder is currently a standard approach when cancer has invaded the muscle layer of the bladder.

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A chloroplast enzyme safeguards plants against pathological protein aggregation that causes Huntington’s and other neurodegenerative diseases. New research may have found a way to 'copy' the mechanism for application in human cells.

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To distinguish motion patterns, a neuronal computation is performed three times in a row.

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A new machine-learning approach helps scientists more efficiently identify the optimal intervention to achieve a certain outcome in a complex system, such as genome regulation, requiring far fewer experimental trials than other methods. 

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Short-term exposure to air pollution may be linked to an increased risk of stroke. Short-term exposure was defined as occurring within five days of the stroke.

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In lonely people, the boundary between real friends and favorite fictional characters gets blurred in the part of the brain that is active when thinking about others, a new study found.

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The first-ever look at hammerhead shark development shows how they develop their hammer in stunning detail.

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Grandparent childcare for toddlers doesn’t have an impact on the wellbeing of their mothers, a new study suggests.

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An Indigenous nurse on the sobering reality of Aboriginal health

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