Health & Fitness

Love, it turns out, can send you to the moon, as helicopter pilot Lauren Sanchez will lead an all-female crew to space aboard boyfriend Jeff Bezos' Blue Origin spacecraft in 2024.

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Variable stimuli influence learning processes in the visual system.

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A new vaccine could be the first clinically approved immunization to protect against invasive fungal infections, a growing concern as antifungal drug resistance increases. Fungal infections cause more than 1.5 million deaths worldwide each year and cost billions. They also double hospitalization costs, double the length of hospital stays and double the risk of death in hospitalized patients, according to a previous recent study.

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Women are disproportionately affected by migraine, especially during their reproductive years. However, the relationship between migraine and adverse pregnancy outcomes has not been well understood. A new study analyzed data from thousands of women from the Nurses' Health Study II to assess the relationship between migraine and pregnancy complications.

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A new way to significantly increase the potency of almost any vaccine has been developed. The scientists used chemistry and nanotechnology to change the structural location of adjuvants and antigens on and within a nanoscale vaccine, greatly increasing vaccine performance in seven different types of cancer. The architecture is critical to vaccine effectiveness, the study shows.

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A research team has developed a novel chemical tool to reveal how bacteria adapt to the host environment and control host cells. This tool can be used to investigate bacterial interactions with the host in real-time during an infection, which cannot be easily achieved by other methods.

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New research is providing a fresh view into the ways a common chemotherapy agent, etoposide, stalls and poisons the essential enzymes that allow cancer cells to flourish.

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Stem cells have been modified to carry a therapy to treat companion animal patients with late-stage cancer, preserving good quality of life and extending their lives, potentially leading to better understanding of cancer treatments and their use in humans.

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Researchers have combined low-power chip design, machine learning algorithms, and soft implantable electrodes to produce a neural interface that can identify and suppress symptoms of various neurological disorders.

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Despite birth control existing for decades, almost none of the options specifically target sperm cells. Researchers are now developing approaches that target testosterone or otherwise interrupt the sperm's ability to fertilize an egg, yet these may not work for everyone. But now, researchers have identified a new candidate molecule that could become an effective non-hormonal contraceptive for many people who produce sperm.

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The world's first international clinical guidelines to help prevent and treat heart complications in children undergoing cancer treatment have been created.

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Sydney writer and melanoma awareness advocate Natalie Fornasier has died at the age of 28, after a nine-year battle with cancer.

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Two novel research studies move the needle on predicting two important heart conditions -- sudden cardiac arrest, which is often fatal, and increased coronary artery calcium, a marker of coronary artery disease that can lead to a heart attack.

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Researchers lay out a mathematical model that explains how bacteria communicate within a larger ecosystem. By understanding how this process works, researchers can predict what actions might elicit certain environmental responses from a bacterial community.

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People with diabetes who experience periods of low blood sugar -- a common occurrence in those new to blood sugar management -- are more likely to have worsening diabetic eye disease. Now, researchers say they have linked such low blood sugar levels with a molecular pathway that is turned on in oxygen-starved cells in the eye.

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New research has established a blood-based test that could be used to predict the risk of Alzheimer's disease up to 3.5 years before clinical diagnosis.

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An artificial intelligence program may enable the first simple production of customizable proteins called zinc fingers to treat diseases by turning genes on and off. The researchers who designed the tool say it promises to accelerate the development of gene therapies on a large scale.

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In a new study, researchers have managed to curb skin cancer. The study was conducted on artificial human skin.

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Researchers studying body phenotypes -- the observable characteristics like height, behavior, appearance and more measurables -- found that regardless of the muscle they had, high levels of fat mass in an individual were associated with poorer overall health.

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Being pregnant isn't an easy ride, especially when people pass judgement on your physical appearance. That's exactly what happened to *Shelly when she received a crude comment from a co-worker.

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Adults living in rural areas of the United States have a 19% higher risk of developing heart failure compared to their urban counterparts, and Black men living in rural areas have an especially higher risk -- 34%, according to a large observational study.

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Researchers have discovered that an altered gut microbiome plays a pivotal role in endometriosis disease progression in an animal model.

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In a new study using a rat model of Crohn's disease, a biodegradable hydrogel composite loaded with stem cells has shown significant success in treating perianal fistulas (PAF) -- one of the many complications of Crohn's disease.

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Since the eligibility expansion was enacted for self-collection cervical cancer screening tests, more and more Australians are opting to get tested, predicting positive results for prospective prevention of cervical cancer.

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Have you ever regretted the name you gave your child? Tom regretted it from day one, and now even his daughter doesn't like it.

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Body image activist and director of multiple self-love inspired documentaries, Taryn Brumfitt has been named the 2023 Australian of the Year.

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Understanding the neural interface within the brain is critical to understanding aging, learning, disease progression and more. A newly developed, pop-up electrode device could gather more in-depth information about individual neurons and their interactions with each other while limiting the potential for brain tissue damage.

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New research findings show in detail how self-reactive T cells -- white blood cells dubbed Teffs that mistakenly attack healthy instead of infected cells, thereby causing an autoimmune or an inflammatory response -- are held in check by regulatory T cells, or Tregs. Tregs quickly deploy molecular measures to control rapid proliferation of Teffs, to make sure inflammation is kept in check during an immune response. Tregs biochemically interfere with the protein manufacturing machinery in Teff cells. This hinders their abundant production of proteins, which occurs just before cell division, the researchers found. This rapid Treg intervention reduces the size and number of Teff cells to appropriately manage the magnitude of the immune response.

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Researchers discover a potential therapeutic avenue via neuronal endocrine receptors that could be helpful in battling an aggressive form of prostate cancer.

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A new study suggests that some patients diagnosed with behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) -- an incurable condition that robs patients of the ability to control their behavior and cope with daily living -- may instead have a cerebrospinal fluid leak, which is often treatable.

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A new study has shown that common levels of traffic pollution can impair human brain function in only a matter of hours. The study was the first to show in a controlled experiment using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) that exposure to diesel exhaust disrupts the ability of different areas of the human brain to interact and communicate with each other.

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The transition to agriculture from hunting and gathering in pre-colonial North America led to changes in age-independent mortality, or mortality caused by factors that are not associated with age, according to a new study. The team found that the intensification of crop use occurred in two phases, the first of which led to a decline in human age-independent mortality, while the second is associated with a rise in it. The study is the first to tie patterns of age-independent mortality to food production.

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The next time you're struggling to remember exactly where you left your keys, parked your car or put down your glasses, don't necessarily give up on your memory completely. Previous research has shown that, if people are shown a large number of objects, they are very good at subsequently remembering which objects they have seen.

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A potent plant toxin with a unique way of killing harmful bacteria has emerged as one of the strongest new antibiotic candidates in decades.

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Scientists have captured the 3D structure of SPOP, revealing how mutations in previously unappreciated regions fuel cancer.

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Adolescent chimpanzees share some of the same risk-taking behaviors as human teens, but they may be less impulsive than their human counterparts, according to new research. The study gets at age-old nature/nurture questions about why adolescents take more risks: because of environment or because of biological predispositions?

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Results from global data show vaccination and a prior COVID-19 infection offer the best defense against severe illness and reinfection.

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Scientists have worked out why common anti-depressants cause around a half of users to feel emotionally 'blunted'. They show that the drugs affect reinforcement learning, an important behavioral process that allows us to learn from our environment.

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Immunogeneticists have discovered a new genetic disorder that causes immunodeficiency and profound susceptibility to opportunistic infections including a life-threatening fungal pneumonia.

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Researchers have reverse-engineered a cellular signal processing system and used it like a logic gate -- a simple computer -- to better understand what causes specific cells to migrate.

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The health-benefits of brown rice are well-known and widely advertised. But what exactly confers these excellent properties has been subject to speculation until now. Researchers have recently identified cycloartenyl ferulate (CAF) as the main antioxidant and cytoprotective constituent of brown rice. CAF can protect cells from stress directly through antioxidant effects and indirectly by boosting the production of antioxidants within cells.

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Biomedical engineers say interstitial fluid, the watery fluid found between and around cells, tissues or organs in the body, could provide an excellent medium for early disease diagnosis or long-term health monitoring.

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A new study finds that rest, contrary to popular belief, may not always be the best cure after a concussion.

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Recreating natural molecules in the laboratory as part of the search for potential new drugs for disease can be difficult, costly and slow. The problem? Many chemical processes tend to produce not only a version of the molecule found in nature but also a mirror-image version of the molecule that is potentially useless -- or even dangerous. In synthesizing a new, potentially therapeutic molecule found in a sea sponge, chemists used a reactive compound that helps them create only the desired version of the molecule, making synthesis more efficient and less costly.

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A team of researchers unveils a novel, key aspect of enhancer-mediated regulation of gene expression and proposes a mechanism that explains the tight connection between gene enhancers and promoters.

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Seeking to better understand more about the origins and movement of bubonic plague, in ancient and contemporary times, researchers have completed a painstaking granular examination of hundreds of modern and ancient genome sequences, creating the largest analysis of its kind.

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Researchers are building detailed maps of colorectal cancer to better understand the dynamics of the disease.

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Researchers demonstrate that a bacteria can be modified to act as 'living medicine' in the lung. The treatment significantly reduced acute lung infections in mice and doubled their survival rate. It showed no signs of toxicity in the lungs and once the treatment had finished its course, it was cleared by the immune system in a period of four days. The treatment also cleared biofilms that accumulate on the surface of endotracheal tubes used by patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia, which is one of the leading causes of mortality in intensive care units. The study paves the way for researchers to repurpose the bacteria to treat other types of lung diseases such as cancer, asthma or pulmonary fibrosis.

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Researchers highlight new insights in gene expressions associated with body mass index.

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Researchers compared two methods of corneal transplant tissue preparation for a procedure that saves sight in patients with Fuchs' dystrophy.

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Heliozoan axopodia are important for their motility. However, the underlying mechanism of their axopodial contraction has remained ambiguous. Recently, researchers have reported that microtubules are simultaneously cleaved at multiple sites, allowing the radiating axopodia in a heliozoan, Raphidocystis contractilis, to disappear almost instantly. They have now identified the gene set and proteins involved in this microtubule disruption. This research can help develop a method to detect water pollution and evaluate the efficacy of new anticancer drugs.

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Patients hospitalized with fractures typically receive an injectable blood thinner, low-molecular-weight heparin, to prevent life-threatening blood clots. A new clinical trial, however, found that inexpensive over-the-counter aspirin is just as effective.

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An investigational HIV vaccine regimen tested among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender people was safe but did not provide protection against HIV acquisition, an independent data and safety monitoring board (DSMB) has determined. The HPX3002/HVTN 706, or 'Mosaico,' Phase 3 clinical trial began in 2019 and involved 3,900 volunteers ages 18 to 60 years in Europe, North America and South America. Based on the DSMB's recommendation, the study will be discontinued.

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In a study of patients with a history of facial keratinocyte carcinoma, 20.9% of those treated with nonablative fractional lasers experienced a subsequent keratinocyte carcinoma, compared with 40.4% of patients who did not receive laser treatment.

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The earlier infants begin to taste small samples of solid food, the earlier they eat more food and stop breastfeeding. This is shown in a new study, in which the mothers of 1,251 infants from all over Sweden participated. Almost half of the infants received tastings at the age of four months.

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Timing from first meal to last meal was not associated with weight loss in a six-year study: Eating less overall and fewer large meals may be a more effective weight management strategy than restricting meals to a narrow time window, such as intermittent fasting, according to a study that analyzed the electronic health records of about 550 adults who were followed for six years. The time interval from first to last meal was not associated with weight change during the six-year study.

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Regulatory mechanisms of nutrient-dependent neuronal development can be explored at the molecular level with the Drosophila C4da neuron located in the fruit flies' larvae. The hyperarborization phenotype was not caused by low concentrations of amino acids but rather by a simultaneous deficiency in vitamins, metal ions, and cholesterol. Nutrient-dependent development of somatosensory neurons plays a role in optimizing a trade-off between searching for high-nutrient foods and escaping from noxious environmental threats.

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Scientists discover a molecular pathway critical to the initiation of pancreatic tumors. The findings may inspire new chemotherapeutic drugs targeting early stages of tumor formation and spread.

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A diverse immune response hinges on naive B cells mingling with high affinity ones in the late-stage germinal center. Whether that helps or hinders, however, depends on the virus.

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We've all been there. You made a promise you couldn't keep. Or something came up, and you didn't follow through on what you said you'd do. It turns out children pay attention to what we say when we don't deliver. A new study shows that by the time they reach preschool, kids understand that some reasons for reneging are more defensible than others.

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A new study of domestic and hospital drinking water systems found Legionella in 41% of samples -- with researchers making a key connection between the pathogen's co-existence with a 'host' microorganism in all samples tested. The study found Legionella bacteria 'infect the amoeba host and then once inside these hosts are protected from disinfection strategies.'

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A new study has found that chemicals that accumulate in the vagina, potentially originating from personal care products, may contribute to preterm birth.

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A mathematician was keen to forecast the evolution of the COVID epidemic. Instead, he ended up solving a problem which had troubled computer scientists for decades.

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On Blue Monday -- supposedly the gloomiest day of the year -- a study shows adults with high levels of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms are more likely to experience anxiety and depression than adults with high levels of autistic traits.

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A new test 'fishes' for multiple respiratory viruses at once using single strands of DNA as 'bait', and gives highly accurate results in under an hour.

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There were no safety events that required removal of the device, no infections of the brain or nervous system, and no adverse events resulting in permanently increased disability related to the investigational device.

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Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) could help prevent Alzheimer's Dementia among women at risk of developing the disease -- according to new research.

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A landmark overhaul to sexual assault reporting has come into effect. Here's what the new system looks like. 

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Using artificial intelligence, engineers have simplified and reinforced models that accurately calculate the fine particulate matter (PM2.5) -- the soot, dust and exhaust emitted by trucks and cars that get into human lungs -- contained in urban air pollution.

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A new study sheds light on how the severity of an employee's hearing loss can impact their experience at work -- and the steps managers and employers can take to create a more inclusive environment for deaf or hard-of-hearing employees.

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Researchers have created an artificial organic neuron that closely mimics the characteristics of biological nerve cells. This artificial neuron can stimulate natural nerves, making it a promising technology for various medical treatments in the future.

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Researchers have recently identified an immune evasion gene that is turned on in some of these cells, and they found that silencing the gene enhanced the cells' susceptibility to immunotherapy.

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A team that has used two-photon imaging technology to show the creation and elimination of synapses between neurons in the brains of live mice.

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Reasearchers from Sydney’s Westmead Institute of Medical Research have developed an injection formula that could offer an effective treatment for coronary heart disease.

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Gut bacteria can influence brain health, according to a study of mice genetically predisposed to develop Alzheimer's-like brain damage. The study indicates that gut bacteria produce compounds that influence the behavior of immune cells, including ones in the brain that can cause neurodegeneration. The findings suggest a new approach to treating Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases.

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Martha Kalifatidis recently let loose on her Instagram, and her followers were in full support. Alison Izzo explains why, when it comes to late-stage pregnancy, it really is better to let it all out. 

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Neuroimaging technology has been shown to hold great promise in helping clinicians link specific symptoms of mental health disorders to abnormal patterns of brain activity. But a new study shows there are still kinks to be ironed out before doctors can translate images of the brain to psychiatric disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

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Researchers describe a ridge network on the membrane of B lymphocytes for the first time.

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Researchers have found that a defect in an enzyme called APT1 interferes with the ability to secrete insulin, contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes in people who are overweight or obese.

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When it comes to having a sugar-sweetened beverage, like an energy drink, we might think it’s good to reduce to just one per day. However a new study has shown that even that can be detrimental to your hair.

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Scientists have demonstrated in animal models the possibility of using lipid nanoparticles and messenger RNA, the technology underpinning COVID-19 vaccines, to treat blindness associated with a rare genetic condition.

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A team of researchers combined heparin with a protein fragment, peptide, to slow down the release of the drug and convey the medication directly to the site of a clot.

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A research team has revealed a difference in neural activity in response to visual food stimuli, depending on whether those stimuli are presented consciously or unconsciously. Using a questionnaire to assess the study participants, the team found that this difference was associated with their scores on eating behaviors, including emotional eating and cognitive restraint of food intake. These results indicate that eating behavior cannot be understood without taking into account both unconscious and conscious neural processes.

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All chlamydiae today live inside the cells of hosts ranging from amoeba to animals. A team of scientists found that the ancestor of chlamydiae likely already lived inside host cells, but that chlamydiae infecting amoeba evolved later in ways unexpected for intracellular bacteria. The study is an important step for understanding the emergence and evolution of endosymbiotic bacteria, including human pathogens.

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We’re accustomed to hearing of a lot of side effects when it comes to pregnancy, but changes to our nose is the latest one taking over the internet.

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People suffering from symptoms of depression or anxiety may help heal themselves by doing good deeds for others, new research shows. The study found that performing acts of kindness led to improvements not seen in two other therapeutic techniques used to treat depression or anxiety.

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Scientists understand that fear of predation affects animal behavior within landscapes. Now researchers are using a similar hypothesis -- which they are calling 'social-ecological landscapes of fear' -- to outline the detrimental effects of conservationists' failure to address negative human histories in their research.

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Researchers have used fruit flies to decipher an unexplained connection between Alzheimer's disease and a genetic variation, revealing that it causes neurons to die.

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A research team has discovered a highly potent biomarker for clinical response to CAR-T cell therapy, describing the prerequisites for optimal use of this novel therapy for lymphoma treatment. The current findings are an essential step forward towards optimizing this promising therapy.

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Hailey Bieber has been through the ringer with her health, after experiencing a mini-stroke in 2022 and then resulting PTSD from the freak health complication. The model and entrepreneur has now opened up about how she’s processing it all.

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Cats always land on their feet, but what makes them so agile? Their unique sense of balance has more in common with humans than it may appear. Researchers are studying cat locomotion to better understand how the spinal cord works to help humans with partial spinal cord damage walk and maintain balance.

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A new study found that deleting a gene called KMT2D caused normal (basal) lung cells grown in complex cultures called organoids to transform into lung squamous carcinoma (LUSC) cells.

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Education about gene-by-environment interaction (G X E) causes of eating behaviors can have beneficial downstream effects on attitudes toward people with higher weight. A recent study found that participants who received education about G X E concepts reported higher empathy and held fewer stigmatizing attitudes toward individuals with higher weight. G X E is when two different genotypes respond to variations in the environment in two different ways.

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The risk for poor glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes can be predicted with confidence by using machine learning methods, a new study finds. The most important factors predicting glycemic control include prior glucose levels, duration of type 2 diabetes, and the patient's existing anti-diabetic medicines.

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Fewer cases of melanoma were observed among regular users of vitamin D supplements than among non-users, a new study finds. People taking vitamin D supplements regularly also had a considerably lower risk of skin cancer, according to estimates by experienced dermatologists. The study included nearly 500 people with an increased risk of skin cancer.

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Researchers are employing sparsification, a method from graph theory and computer science, to identify which links in a network are the most important for the spread of disease.

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A new study challenges existing ideas of how buildup of a protein called amyloid beta (A?) in the brain is related to Alzheimer's disease.

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Using a new method based upon comparing DNA mutation rates between parents and offspring, evolutionary biologists have revealed the average age of mothers versus fathers over the past 250,000 years, including the discovery that the age gap is shrinking, with women's average age at conception increasing from 23.2 years to 26.4 years, on average, in the past 5,000 years.

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A randomized, controlled trial of community gardening found that those who started gardening ate more fiber and got more physical activity -- two known ways to reduce risk of cancer and chronic diseases. They also saw their levels of stress and anxiety significantly decrease.

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Researchers have found that hair follicle transplants can promote scar rejuvenation by altering their architecture and genetic makeup.

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A new study now reveals that cilia in the organizer function as sensors for mechanical force exerted by flow to shape the left-right body plan of the developing embryo.

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Researchers are studying how the reduction of a gene variant found in the brain's immune cells could diminish the risk of late-onset Alzheimer's disease.

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Following a modified Atkins diet high in fat and low in carbohydrates plus taking medication may reduce seizures in people with tough-to-treat epilepsy, according to a new study.

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Scientists have performed the largest study yet examining drug sensitivity in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia across genomic subtypes and its association with treatment response.

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Brain-computer interface companies like Neuralink are in the news a lot these days for their potential to revolutionize how humans interact with machines, but electrodes are not the most brain-friendly materials -- they're hard and stiff, while brains are soft and squishy, which limits their efficacy and increases the risk of damaging brain tissue.  A new hydrogel-based electrode developed at the Wyss Institute solves that problem by providing a tunable, conductive scaffold that human neurons and other cell types feel right at home in. Not only does the scaffold mimic the soft, porous conditions of brain tissue, it supported the growth and differentiation of human neural progenitor cells (NPCs) into multiple different brain cell types for up to 12 weeks. The achievement is reported in Advanced Healthcare Materials. Not only can the new electrode be used to study the formation of human neural networks in vitro, it could enable the creation of implantable devices that more seamlessly integrate with a patient's brain tissue, improving performance and decreasing risk of injury.

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The transition of a low-grade, slow growing brain tumor to a lethal one can be delayed if neurosur-geons remove as much as possible soon after diagnosis, according to the results of a new study.

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Researchers have explored a better way of delivering medications that does not require injections but could be as easy as swallowing a pill.

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Collaborative research has found that patients with severe and complicated obesity respond differently to a dietary weight loss program based on their genes.

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Researchers describe a previously unknown component of brain anatomy that acts as both a protective barrier and platform from which immune cells surveil the brain for infection and inflammation.

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Research has shown for the first time that the effects of Alagille syndrome, an incurable genetic disorder that affects the liver, could be reversed with a single drug. The study has the potential to transform treatment for this rare disease and may also have implications for more common diseases.

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Orangutans, mice, and horses are covered with it, but humans aren't. Why we have significantly less body hair than most other mammals has long remained a mystery. But a first-of-its-kind comparison of genetic codes from 62 animals is beginning to tell the story of how people -- and other mammals -- lost their locks.

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This milestone in cell biology -- akin to discovering 'design principles' of the cell -- unlocks the potential to find new treatments for diseases where cells malfunction.

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The delicate fragrance of jasmine is a delight to the senses. The sweet scent is popular in teas, perfumes and potpourri. But take a whiff of the concentrated essential oil, and the pleasant aroma becomes almost cloying. Indeed, part of the flower's smell comes from the compound skatole, a prominent component of fecal odor.

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One type of bacteria found in the gut may contribute to the development of Type 2 diabetes, while another may protect from the disease, according to early results from an ongoing, prospective study.

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New data suggests that emerging cases of Covid-19 among Australians are predominately affecting people who haven’t caught the virus before. Researchers suggest this is a result of growing immunity.

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Vaccination and boosting, especially when recent, helped to limit the spread of COVID-19 in California prisons during the first Omicron wave, according to an analysis that examined transmission between people living in the same cell.

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A research team has shown that Sarunashi juice and its constituting component isoquercetin help prevent and reduce lung cancer in laboratory mice.

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New research takes a page from the field of renewable energy and shows that genetically engineered mitochondria can convert light energy into chemical energy that cells can use, ultimately extending the life of the roundworm C. elegans.

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Scientists have discovered that both brown and white fat is filled with thousands of previously unknown microproteins, and show that one of these microproteins, called Gm8773, can increase appetite in mice. These findings could lead to the development of a therapeutic to help people gain weight in certain disease situations, such as during chemotherapy for cancer.

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Scientists show in mice how time-restricted eating influences gene expression across more than 22 regions of the body and brain. The findings have implications for a wide range of health conditions where time-restricted eating has shown potential benefits, including diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, and cancer.

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If your alertness and reaction time is see-sawing more than usual, you may be more at risk of a viral illness. That's the key finding of a recent experiment.

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Radiation, used to treat half of all cancer patients, can be measured during treatment for the first time with precise 3D imaging. By capturing and amplifying tiny sound waves created when X-rays heat tissues in the body, medical professionals can map the radiation dose within the body, giving them new data to guide treatments in real time. It's a first-of-its-kind view of an interaction doctors have previously been unable to 'see.'

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