Health & Fitness

Researchers have discovered a novel immunotherapy combination, targeting checkpoints in both T cells and myeloid suppressor cells, that successfully reprogrammed the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and significantly improved anti-tumor responses in preclinical models of pancreatic cancer.

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A recent NSW tribunal case declaring residents in an apartment building were banned from smoking on their balcony has opened the case for a number of other everyday behaviours that may effect neighbouring apartments.

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It is an exciting question why the internal clock runs almost unchanged at the same rate despite fluctuating temperatures. A team has now found an piece of the puzzle to answer this question.

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Comparing models of working memory with real-world data, researchers found that information resides not in persistent neural activity, but in the pattern of their connections.

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To find out how many scientists a region needs to become a leader in a discipline, researchers tracked millions of scientists moving across the globe. Their result: there is no critical mass, but you have to be a pioneer. Regions can catch up later, but this costs a lot.

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Language function and the psychosocial wellbeing of patients and their families can be promoted with singing-based rehabilitation. Group intervention provides opportunities for peer support while being simultaneously cost effective.

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Researchers are bridging mouse and human data to reveal the biology of senescent cells. Senescent cells stop dividing in response to stressors and seemingly have a role to play in human health and the aging process. Recent research with mice suggests that clearing senescent cells delays the onset of age-related dysfunction and disease as well as all-cause mortality. 

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A new study reveals critical insights into the complex biology of tissue-specific T cells, paving the way for a new branch of precision therapeutics in immunity, autoimmunity, and cancer.

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Australia’s donor blood supply is expected to deplete to their lowest point since 2020 as the nation suffers another Covid surge.

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An enzyme that defends human cells against viruses can help drive cancer evolution towards greater malignancy by causing myriad mutations in cancer cells, according to a new study. The finding suggests that the enzyme may be a potential target for future cancer treatments.

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The biomarker, called 'brain-derived tau,' or BD-tau, outperforms current blood diagnostic tests used to detect Alzheimer's-related neurodegeneration clinically. It is specific to Alzheimer's disease and correlates well with Alzheimer's neurodegeneration biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid. Scientists hope that monitoring blood levels of BD-tau could facilitate screening and enrollment of patients from populations that historically haven't been included in research cohorts.

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Spontaneous, random baby movements aid development of their sensorimotor system, according to new research. Detailed motion capture of newborns and infants was combined with a musculoskeletal computer model, to enable researchers to analyze communication among muscles and sensation across the whole body. Researchers found patterns of muscle interaction developing based on the babies' random exploratory behavior, that would later enable them to perform sequential movements as infants. Better understanding how our sensorimotor system develops could help us gain insight into the origin of human movement as well as earlier diagnosis of developmental disorders.

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A quarter-sized device could drastically alter the course of treatment for Type 1 diabetes, a chronic condition that impacts millions of Americans and does not have a cure.

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Every family has at least one bizarre holiday family tradition, but how does yours compare to the British Royals', who weigh their guests before and after their Christmas feast?

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Targeting a receptor responsible for our sense of touch and temperature, which researchers have now found to be present in our colon, could provide a new avenue for treating chronic pain associated with gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome. A team examining the colon identified the presence of Piezo2, the subject of the 2021 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, now known to be responsible for sensing light touch on our skin.

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The artificial intelligence algorithms behind the chatbot program ChatGPT -- which has drawn attention for its ability to generate humanlike written responses to some of the most creative queries -- might one day be able to help doctors detect Alzheimer's Disease in its early stages. Research recently demonstrated that OpenAI's GPT-3 program can identify clues from spontaneous speech that are 80% accurate in predicting the early stages of dementia.

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Researchers have shown that changes in gene expression happen almost entirely during the transcription stage while the cells are growing. The researchers have provided a simple quantitative formula linking regulatory control to mRNA and protein levels.

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A phase I clinical trial of PAC-1, a drug that spurs programmed cell death in cancer cells, found only minor side effects in patients with end-stage cancers. The drug stalled the growth of tumors in the five people in the trial with neuroendocrine cancers and reduced tumor size in two of those patients. It also showed some therapeutic activity against sarcomas, scientists and clinicians report.

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Researchers have made an advancement in genetic testing that allows for more accurate prediction of which parent's genes led to an individual's increased cancer risk. This improves the efficiency of familial testing strategies and could eliminate concern for patients at high risk of cancer caused by genes inherited from a parent.

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A new study has identified that Talarozole, a drug that is known to increase retinoic acid, was able to prevent osteoarthritis (OA) in disease models.

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Using a specialized MRI sensor, engineers have shown that they can detect light deep within tissues such as the brain.

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Men are less likely to seek careers in early education and some other fields traditionally associated with women because of male gender bias in those fields.

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Researchers have discovered a new mode of vertical mother-to-infant microbiome transmission, where microbes in the maternal gut shared genes with microbes in the infant gut during the perinatal period starting immediately before birth and extending thought the first few weeks after birth. This horizontal gene transfer allowed maternal microbial strains to influence the functional capacity of the infant microbiome, in the absence of persistent transmission of the microbial strains themselves.

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Scientists used patient stem cells and 3D bioprinting to produce eye tissue that will advance understanding of the mechanisms of blinding diseases. The research team printed a combination of cells that form the outer blood-retina barrier--eye tissue that supports the retina's light-sensing photoreceptors. The technique provides a theoretically unlimited supply of patient-derived tissue to study degenerative retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

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Senescent cells, which emerge after tissue injury, create an aged-like inflamed microenvironment that is negative for stem cell function and tissue repair. The finding provides a basis for mitigating the loss of muscle regenerative capacity in elderly people and for improving muscle repair in young healthy people.

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While we have mostly adjusted to a Covid new normal, China is just beginning that transition, and experts are concerned that the country's vaccination may not be strong enough to keep people safe. 

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The reason some people fail to recover their sense of smell after COVID-19 is linked to an ongoing immune assault on olfactory nerve cells and an associated decline in the number of those cells, scientists report.

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A booster, researchers report, made for longer-lasting antibodies for all recipients, even those who have recovered from a COVID-19 infection.

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People with liver disease caused by eating too much sugar and fat could be at increased risk of developing serious neurological conditions like depression or dementia.

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A research team has linked the mutation that causes Huntington's disease to developmental deficits in the brain's oligodendrocyte cells that are caused by changes in metabolism. They found that high doses of thiamine and biotin can restore normal processes.

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Nerve cells need a lot of energy and oxygen. They receive both through the blood. This is why nerve tissue is usually crisscrossed by a large number of blood vessels. But what prevents neurons and vascular cells from getting in each other's way as they grow? Researchers have identified a mechanism that takes care of this.

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Research has identified key characteristics and practices of expert teachers.

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A new study shows that aerosols in indoor air can vary in acidity. This acidity determines how long viruses remain infectious in the air -- with profound implications for virus transmission and strategies to contain it.

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New research reveals how microorganisms in our guts can worsen dangerous C. difficile infections. The discovery could help doctors identify patients at risk for severe illness and open the door to new treatments.

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Making an intentional effort to recognize positive life events and achievements while gathering for food and drink will leave you feeling more socially supported, new research shows.

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New research findings have revealed an underlying genetic cause for why some children who have had COVID-19 infection develop Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C), a rare but potentially life-threatening disease.

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Researchers have identified how biological pacemaker cells can 'fight back' against therapies to biologically correct abnormal heartbeat rates. The research also uncovered a new way to boost the effectiveness of RNA therapies by controlling this activity.

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In our bones, specialized cells called osteoblasts are responsible for building up bone substance. A team of researchers has now identified an enzyme that controls the activity of osteoblasts. An agent that inhibits the activity of this enzyme reduced cancer-related bone loss and the number of bone metastases in multiple myeloma and in lung and breast cancer models in mice.

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Research finds orangutans communicate using a complex repertoire of consonant-like calls, more so than African apes. Previous research has only linked the evolution of human language with the voiced-vowel sounds produced by non-human primates, despite human language being composed of vowel and consonant sounds. Orangutans' tree-dwelling nature means they use their mouth, lips and jaw as a 'fifth hand', unlike ground-dwelling African apes. Their sophisticated use of their mouths, mean orangutans communicate using a rich variety of consonant sounds.

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Modern humans evolutionarily split from our chimpanzee ancestors nearly 7 million years ago, yet we are continuing to evolve. 155 new genes have been identified within the human lineage that spontaneously arose from tiny sections of our DNA. Some of these new genes date back to the ancient origin of mammals, with a few of these 'microgenes' predicted to be associated with human-specific diseases.

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A collaborative study reveals a new gene associated with obesity and maladaptive behavior. The evidence shows that rare mutations in the gene for the serotonin 2C receptor play a role in the development of obesity and dysfunctional behaviors in humans and animal models.

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While erectile dysfunction seems like a male-only problem, more and more experts are imploring partners to help their man seek help in case it is something much worse than a little limpness.

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Engineers compare wastewater 'snapshots' to daylong composite samples and find snapshots lead to bias in testing for the presence of antibiotic-resistant genes.

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Craving is known to be a key factor in substance use disorders and can increase the likelihood of future drug use or relapse. Yet its neural basis -- or, how the brain gives rise to craving -- is not well understood. In a new study, researchers from have identified a stable brain pattern, or neuromarker, for drug and food craving.

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People with chronic epilepsy often experience impaired memory. Researchers have now found a mechanism in mice that could explain these deficits.

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Scientists have made an important breakthrough in understanding how inflammation is regulated. They have just discovered that a key immune alarm protein previously believed to calm down the immune response actually does the opposite. Their work has numerous potential impacts, especially in the context of understanding and responding to autoimmune disorders and inflammation.

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The origins of the serious cancer-like disease LCH have been identified by researchers. The findings may lead to new, targeted treatments.

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The toxic spinach saga continues across Australia as we reach over 100 cases that have ingested the salad good.

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Avoiding mosquitoes to protect against bites is always a good idea. But a new study shows that the bacteria-ridden exteriors of mosquitoes may be another reason to arm yourself with a swatter.

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Dementia is a growing global public health concern currently affecting 50 million people and is expected to rise dramatically to more than 150 million cases worldwide by 2050. Obesity, commonly measured by body mass index (BMI), continues to be a global epidemic and earlier studies suggested that obesity at midlife may lead to increased risk for dementia. But the association between BMI and the risk of dementia remains unclear. Now, researchers have found that different patterns of BMI changes over one's life course may be an indicator of a person's risk for dementia.

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Researchers provide new insights into the pathology of limbic predominate age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy, which mimics Alzheimer's, making it very difficult to identify in living patients.

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Past research has suggested that people's cultural differences may result in differences in basic visual perception. New research found no evidence that these differences play a significant role in how participants performed a basic visual task. The findings lend support to the idea that basic mechanisms of visual perception are universal.

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A new study reports the identification of a previously unknown genetic cause of a late-onset cerebellar ataxia, a discovery that will improve diagnosis and open new treatment avenues for this progressive condition.

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Host of Australian Birth Stories, Sophie Walker shares how to survive Christmas with your health, and sanity, intact, especially if you're pregnant (and even if you're not).

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Researchers found there is often a disconnect between the medical language used by doctors and patient understanding.

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Since the 1960s, researchers have postulated that major depression stems from disruptions in the serotonin neurotransmitter system, but the evidence for that idea, though plentiful, was indirect. In fact, a recent comprehensive analysis of existing studies concluded that there was not strong evidence to support the 'serotonin hypothesis.' In its wake, some in the field have called for a reexamination of the hypothesis. Not so fast, says a new study that provides direct evidence of disrupted serotonin release in the brains of individuals with depression.

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A serendipitous discovery in the lab has the potential to revolutionize embryo models and targeted drug therapies.

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A new gelatinous robot that crawls, powered by nothing more than temperature change and clever design, brings 'a kind of intelligence' to the field of soft robotics.

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Cathrine Mahoney tells Body+Soul how a trip to the gynaecologist for heavy periods changed her life for the better and how she handled the “period talk” with her son.

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A pharmacist has gone viral on TikTok after sharing her science-backed solution to battling even the harshest of hangovers.

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Drinking coffee regularly may keep type 2 diabetes away from women who had diabetes during pregnancy. Replacing artificially sweetened and sugar-sweetened beverages with caffeinated coffee also reduces the risk, by 10% for a cup of artificially sweetened beverage, and 17% for a cup of sugar-sweetened one.

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People with cluster headaches may be more than three times more likely to have other medical conditions such as heart disease, mental disorders and other neurologic diseases, according to a new study.

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Two randomized, placebo-controlled trials evaluating three Ebola vaccine administration strategies in adults and children found that all the regimens were safe in both age groups, according to new results. Antibodies were produced in response to the vaccine regimens beginning at 14 days after the first vaccination and continued to be detectable at varying levels -- depending on the vaccine and regimen used -- in both children and adults for one year. The study enrolled volunteers at sites in Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone and Mali to identify optimal vaccination strategies to curtail outbreaks of Ebola virus disease.

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Some species of gut-dwelling bacteria activate nerves in the gut to promote the desire to exercise, according to a study in mice. The study reveals the gut-to-brain pathway that explains why some bacteria boost exercise performance.

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Cerebrospinal fluid, the brain's immune system, becomes dysregulated as we age and plays a newly discovered role in cognitive impairment in diseases such as Alzheimer's, a new study has found.

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During the holidays, kids often spend more time on screens, leaving parents to wonder: Is it causing harm? Possibly.

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Luckily, we left puberty behind in high school... Or did we? 'Second puberty' is going viral on TikTok, so have we only experienced round one?

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Australian of the Year and professional paralympian Dylan Alcott has been firm but fair with a royal commission into the treatment of people with a disability, particularly focusing his advocacy on getting people living with disability into meaningful jobs.

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The nanomaterial graphene oxide -- which is used in everything from electronics to sensors for biomolecules -- can indirectly affect the immune system via the gut microbiome, as shown in a new study on zebrafish.

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Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is almost always accompanied by fatigue, a massive tiredness that is described by the vast majority of patients as the most distressing symptom. In a recent scientific study, a research group identified light therapy as a promising non-drug treatment option: patients included in the study showed a measurable improvement after just 14 days of use.

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Researchers have engineered molecules that act like 'cellular glue,' allowing them to direct in precise fashion how cells bond with each other. The discovery represents a major step toward building tissues and organs, a long-sought goal of regenerative medicine.

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Researchers have answered a 100-year-old question in diabetes research: can a molecule different to insulin have the same effect? The findings provide important insights for the future development of an oral insulin pill.

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A new therapy that makes the immune system kill bone marrow cancer cells was successful in as many as 73 percent of patients in two clinical trials.

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The Australian government has released new frameworks for the monitoring of Covid-19 and structure of mental health access, and it’s not ideal.

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'This is a very striking and significant result that essentially separates LIGHT from any of the other inflammatory cytokines that have been implicated in the process in severe asthmatics.'

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A fast, needle-free malaria detection tool could help save hundreds of thousands of lives annually.

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Young people’s mental health has declined almost every year since 2001. 

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Genetic predisposition to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder can predict cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease later in life, study finds.

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A new study reveals how a selfish gene in yeast uses a poison-antidote strategy that enables its function and likely has facilitated its long-term evolutionary success. This strategy is an important addition for scientists studying similar systems including teams that are designing synthetic drive systems for pathogenic pest control. Collective and collaborative advancement on understanding drive may one day lead to the eradication of pest populations that harm crops or even humans in the case of vector borne diseases.

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The past decade has seen a global surge in adolescent use of e-cigarettes/vaping, cannabis, and prescription opioids not-taken-as-prescribed. Relying on detection through informal observation­ is quickly becoming a thing of the past. A new article provides health care professionals and parents concrete steps for screening, detection and intervention.

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Delirium is common among women with urinary tract infections (UTIs) -- especially those who have experienced menopause. Investigators, working with laboratory mice, have been able to prevent symptoms of the condition with estrogen, which is commonly used for hormone replacement therapy.

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The researchers looked closer into the possibility of reprograming inner ear cells to repair long-term hearing loss.

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Researchers found that certain drugs can change the fundamental makeup of cancer stem cells in mouse models of mucoepidermoid carcinoma -- a lethal form of salivary gland cancer that currently has no treatment options.

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Gig workers, waiters, salespeople and others who rely on fluctuating income may be paying for wage volatility with their health, according to new research.

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Their older parents need care. Their kids are still under 18. And they probably have a job, too. They're the 'sandwich generation' -- a longtime nickname for the mostly female, mostly middle-aged group of Americans who serve as caregivers for both older and younger family members at once. A new study estimates there are at least 2.5 million of them, while giving a detailed view into who they are, and which older adults rely on them.

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A landmark study reveals how a tiny cellular machine called TRiC directs the folding of tubulin, a human protein that is the building block of microtubules that serve as the cell's scaffolding and transport system.

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A new visualization of pathogen exposure risk in public bathrooms also provides a methodology to help reduce it.

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The fetuses of women working in the fields in extreme heat can show signs of strain before their mothers are affected, new research has shown.

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Sedentary behavior caused by measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19 decreased Japanese children's ability to balance.

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A critically ill child has been taken into temporary custody after its parents refused to consent to a blood transfusion treatment in fear that the donors may have received a Covid-19 vaccine.

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People who receive monoclonal antibodies before vaccines may benefit from increased coverage, due to antibody feedback inhibition, according to new research.

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We know Ashton Kutcher as a jovial screen actor and happily married man, but just over two years ago his whole life changed.

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A newly discovered immune response inside the nose is suppressed by colder temperatures, offering evidence for why colds, flu and COVID-19 are more common in cooler months.

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Researchers showed participants videos of human, dog, and macaque pairs to determine how well humans assess social interactions.

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The Alongshan virus was discovered in China only five years ago. Now researchers have found the novel virus for the first time in Swiss ticks. It appears to be at least as widespread as the tickborne encephalitis virus and causes similar symptoms. The team is working on a diagnostic test to assess the epidemiological situation.

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One of the major challenges in microbiome science has been distinguishing what is a potential environmental contaminant from a true, bona fide microbiome signal in low biomass studies -- studies that contain little microbial DNA like breastmilk, placenta or amniotic fluid. For instance, it can be challenging to differentiate between the DNA of a microbe in a sample from remnant contaminant DNA from a sampling kit or extraction kit or the environment.

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Consistent exercise can change not just waistlines but the very molecules in the human body that influence how genes behave, a new study of twins indicates. The study found that the more physically active siblings in identical twin pairs had lower signs of metabolic disease, measured by waist size and body mass index. This also correlated with differences in their epigenomes, the molecular processes that are around DNA and independent of DNA sequence, but influence gene expression. The more active twins had epigenetic marks linked to lowered metabolic syndrome, a condition that can lead to heart disease, stroke and type 2 diabetes. Since the identical twins have the same genetics, the study suggests that markers of metabolic disease are strongly influenced by how a person interacts with their environment as opposed to just their inherited genetics.

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Ex-MAFS contestant and personal trainer Daniel Holmes thinks that size-inclusive clothing  is 'promoting early death'. However he’s fine with cigars and pre-mixed alcoholic beverages. Let us walk you through the hypocrisy… 

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This week Dr Deb Cohen-Jones discusses the increase in awareness, understanding and treatment options for patients with Attention Deficit Disorder (ADHD) and how to prepare for the diagnosis process.

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Beloved actor Kirstie Alley has passed away due to cancer, and now experts are warning more Australians to get tested after so many people delayed during the pandemic.

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Researchers examine the local communication between endothelial cells and tumors cells and its effects on endothelial cell orientation. The approach uses co-cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells and breast epithelial tumor cell lines to simulate the tumor-endothelial interaction. The group found the clockwise chirality of the hUVECs was less affected by local hormone signaling and more so by direct physical contact with tumor cells. Specific proteins on the tumor cell binding to others on endothelial cells appeared to play a role in changing the clockwise chirality of hUVECs.

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An international team of researchers has uncovered a new mechanism that enables cancer cells to move throughout the body, providing a potential new target to stop metastasis, which is responsible for 90 per cent of cancer deaths. The team identifies that cancer cells move faster when they are surrounded by thicker fluids, a change that occurs when lymph drainage is compromised by a primary tumor.

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New modeling shows how synonymous mutations -- those that change the DNA sequence of a gene but not the sequence of the encoded protein -- can still impact protein production and function.

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Research has provided new insights into the mechanism behind how our circadian 24-hour body clock influences our immune response to vaccines, depending on the time of day.

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Engineers have designed a system to remotely measure blood pressure by filming a person's forehead and extracting cardiac signals using artificial intelligence algorithms.

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It's well established that experiencing stress can hurt our physical health. Now two new studies find that younger adults who take preemptive steps to respond to stress are better able to avoid those negative health outcomes.

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Researchers have found that growing human intestine-like spheroids in suspension and transferring them to a bioreactor for maturation results in the generation of differentiated human intestinal organoids (HIOs) suitable for subsequent transplantation into experimental mice. This technique is simpler than existing approaches and reliably produces healthy HIOs of predictable size, which could make it invaluable for translational research and regenerative medicine in the future.

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A collaborative team has re-engineered the process of microbial pathogen identification in blood samples from pediatric sepsis patients using broad-spectrum pathogen capture technology. The advance enables accurate pathogen detection with a combination of unprecedented sensitivity and speed, and could significantly improve clinical outcomes for pediatric and older patients with bloodstream infections (BSIs) and sepsis.

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Does stress during pregnancy impact children's cell aging, and does race matter? The answer is yes, according to a new study.

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B cells are critical to the proper functioning of the immune system. However, researchers have shown that they can sometimes do more harm than good, as their numbers greatly increase after bowel damage, preventing the tissue from healing. The results can be of significance to the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.

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A research team has discovered the underlying neural mechanism that allows us to feel empathy. The group's study on mice hinted that empathy is induced by the synchronized neural oscillations in the right hemisphere of the brain, which allows the animals to perceive and share each other's fear.

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Changes in a single gene open the door for harmful gut bacteria to set off the inflammation that drives Crohn's disease, according to a new study. These findings could one day help doctors better select targeted treatments for patients with this immune disorder. This particular host gene, called AGR2, encodes part of the cell's machinery that helps prepare new proteins properly so that they can help repel 'bad' bacteria. When anything from microbes to inflammatory conditions disrupts this process, protein production gets backed up, stressing the cell. Extremes in the expression of AGR2 -- when it becomes too active or just silent -- are associated with such stress and the cell's response to it, and formed the basis of the study described Nov. 15 in Cell Reports.

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Neuroscientists have discovered that a specific type of brain cell could be a key player in making you feel the negative impacts of stress.

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A link has been found between joint hypermobility and the emergence of depression and anxiety in adolescence, according to a new study. Researchers found that young people with joint hypermobility were more likely to have depression and anxiety, and that psychiatric symptoms were also more severe among hypermobile participants.

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Researchers are a step closer to identifying ways to support clinicians in predicting drug treatment outcomes for patients with visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil.

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In a study using a mouse model of aging that mimics breast cancer development in estrogen receptor-positive post-menopausal women, investigators have determined that over-expression, or switching on of the Esr1 gene, could lead to elevated risk of developing estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer in older women.

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Research on understanding the effect of extra chromosomes for conditions like Down syndrome typically involves examining what genes play a role in the symptoms of these conditions. However, researchers propose a new way of looking at these conditions, suggesting that when an extra chromosome is present, the impact on the cell depends less on which chromosome is duplicated and more on the presence of extra DNA.

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Long COVID patients can experience many of the same lingering negative effects on their physical, mental, and social well-being as those experienced by people who become ill with other, non-COVID illnesses. Researchers found that 40 percent of the COVID-positive and 54 percent of the COVID-negative group reported moderate-to-severe residual symptoms three months after enrolling in the study.

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Almost 200 species of bacteria colonize microfibers in the Mediterranean Sea, including one that causes food poisoning in humans, according to a new study.

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A groundbreaking trial in the United Kingdom with Eisai and Biogen partnered drug lecanemab has produced ground-breaking results in slowing dementia in the early stages of Alzeimer's disease. 

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A low-cost, prenatal intervention benefits mothers' mental health up to eight years later, a new study finds.

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Scientists have solved the high-resolution, complex structures of drug-like compounds bound to designer brain cell receptors, paving the way for the creation of next-generation chemogenetic tools.

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